Your search found 18 records
1 Roy, S. P.; Terry, D. Y. 1983. Massachusetts ground water protection program. In Charbeneau, R. J., Popkin, B. P. (Eds), Regional and state water resources planning and management: Proceedings of a Symposium held in San Antonio, Texas. Bethesda, MA, USA: AWRA. pp.39-42.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.8 G430 CHA Record No: H04886)
2 Mueller, F. A.; Male, J. W. 1993. A management model for specification of groundwater withdrawal permits. Water Resources Research, 29(5):1359-1368.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H013545)
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H014508)
4 van Dam, J. C.; Wessel, J. (Eds.) 1993. Transboundary river basin management and sustainable development: Proceedings, Lustrum Symposium, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-22 May 1992. Vol.I. Paris, France: UNESCO. xi, 253p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 VAN Record No: H016074)
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H017106)
6 Wallin, B. A. 1997. The need for a privatization process: Lessons from development and implementation. Public Administration Review, 57(1):11-20.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 4594 Record No: H021415)
7 Lent, R. M.; Waldron, M. C.; Rader, J. C. 1998. Multivariate classification of small order watersheds in the Quabbin Reservoir Basin, Massachusetts. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 34(2):439-450.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H024185)
8 McCobb, T. D.; LeBlanc, D. R.; Socolow, R. S. 1999. A siphon gage for monitoring surface-water levels. Journal of the American Water Resources Association; Water Resources Journal, 35(5):1141-1146; 202:47-52.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H025275)
9 Yan, K. W.; Dwight, D. M.; Hlousek, D. A. 2000. Recirculating wells: Ground waters remediation and protection of surface water resources. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 36(1):191-201.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H026250)
10 Gilmartin, D. 2000. MWRA switches focus to water supply. World Water and Environmental Engineering, 23(3):32-33.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H026506)
11 IIED. 2000. Participatory process in the north. London, UK: IIED. 102p. (PLA notes no.38)
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 5488 Record No: H026645)
12 McMahon, G.; Cuffney, T. F. 2000. Quantifying urban intensity in drainage basins for assessing stream ecological conditions. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 36(6):1247-1261.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H027751)
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 5766 Record No: H028572)
14 Kirshen, P. H. 2002. Potential impacts of global warming on groundwater in eastern Massachusetts. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 128(3):216-226.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H029973)
15 Sobczak, R. V.; Cambareri, T. C. 2002. Optimizing well placement in a coastal aquifer: Outer Cape Cad, Massachusetts. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 38(3):747-757.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H030960)
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 6143 Record No: H031206)
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H031600)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043729)
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Background: Drinking water contaminated by wastewater is a potential source of exposure to mammary carcinogens and endocrine disrupting compounds from commercial products and excreted natural and pharmaceutical hormones. These contaminants are hypothesized to increase breast cancer risk. Cape Cod, Massachusetts, has a history of wastewater contamination in many, but not all, of its public water supplies; and the region has a history of higher breast cancer incidence that is unexplained by the population's age, in-migration, mammography use, or established breast cancer risk factors. We conducted a case-control study to investigate whether exposure to drinking water contaminated by wastewater increases the risk of breast cancer.
Methods: Participants were 824 Cape Cod women diagnosed with breast cancer in 1988–1995 and 745 controls who lived in homes served by public drinking water supplies and never lived in a home served by a Cape Cod private well. We assessed each woman's exposure yearly since 1972 at each of her Cape Cod addresses, using nitrate nitrogen (nitrate-N) levels measured in public wells and pumping volumes for the wells. Nitrate-N is an established wastewater indicator in the region. As an alternative drinking water quality indicator, we calculated the fraction of recharge zones in residential, commercial, and pesticide land use areas.
Results: After controlling for established breast cancer risk factors, mammography, and length of residence on Cape Cod, results showed no consistent association between breast cancer and average annual nitrate-N (OR = 1.8; 95% CI 0.6 – 5.0 for = 1.2 vs. < .3 mg/L), the sum of annual nitrate-N concentrations (OR = 0.9; 95% CI 0.6 – 1.5 for = 10 vs. 1 to < 10 mg/L), or the number of years exposed to nitrate-N over 1 mg/L (OR = 0.9; 95% CI 0.5 – 1.5 for = 8 vs. 0 years). Variation in exposure levels was limited, with 99% of women receiving some of their water from supplies with nitrate-N levels in excess of background. The total fraction of residential, commercial, and pesticide use land in recharge zones of public supply wells was associated with a small statistically unstable higher breast cancer incidence (OR = 1.4; 95% CI 0.8–2.4 for highest compared with lowest land use), but risk did not increase for increasing land use fractions.
Conclusion: Results did not provide evidence of an association between breast cancer and drinking water contaminated by wastewater. The computer mapping methods used in this study to link routine measurements required by the Safe Drinking Water Act with interview data can enhance individual-level epidemiologic studies of multiple health outcomes, including diseases with substantial latency.
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