Your search found 4 records
1 Howsam, P.; Kay, M.; Tyrrel, S.; Weatherhead, K. 1993. Microbiology in irrigation and drainage-ignorance and significance. In ICID, 15th International Congress on Irrigation and Drainage, The Hague, Netherlands, 1993: Water management in the next century. Transactions: Vol.1-B, Question 44, R36-R72: Planning and design of irrigation and drainage systems. New Delhi, India: ICID. pp.512-523.
Irrigation equipment ; Irrigation engineering ; Drainage ; Biological control ; Maintenance ; Rehabilitation ; Water quality ; Tube wells ; Pipes ; Water conveyance
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: ICID 631.7 G000 ICI Record No: H015224)
2 Tyrrel, S.; Gardner, S.; Howsam, P.; Carter, R. 1998. Biological removal of iron from well-handpump water supplies. Waterlines, 16(4):29-31.
Water supply ; Wells ; Groundwater extraction ; Aquifers ; Manual pumps ; Water quality ; Water pollution ; Pollution control
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H022385)
3 Nartey, Eric Gbenatey; Sakrabani, R.; Tyrrel, S.; Cofie, Olufunke. 2024. Storage duration and temperature affect pathogen load, heavy metals, and nutrient levels in faecal derived fertiliser. Environmental Technology, 12p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2024.2309479]
Faecal sludge ; Fertilizers ; Storage ; Temperature ; Pathogens ; Heavy metals ; Nutrients ; Escherichia coli / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052687)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/09593330.2024.2309479?needAccess=true
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052687.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052687.pdf
(1.74 MB) (1.74 MB)
There are debates regarding the safety of faecal derived fertiliser (FDF) due to notions that harmful substances may persist at undetectable levels. A major concern is the recolonisation of indigenous pathogens and nutrient changes while undergoing storage. Abiotic factors such as duration and temperature on indigenous pathogen re-growth and nutrient during FDF storage have received little research attention. In this study, we assess the effect of varying storage temperature conditions and duration on indigenous E. coli re-growth and NPK changes of different FDF (enriched co-compost, NECo and co-compost, Co) during storage. A 2 × 3 × 6 factorial design was used with factors: fertiliser, temperature, and duration. The factorial had 36 experimental conditions in a completely randomised design with three replications. FDF samples were collected monthly for 6 months and analysed for pH, EC, organic carbon, N, NH4-N, NO3-N, P, K, E. coli, and total coliform. Findings show storage temperature and duration did not affect indigenous E. coli re-growth and total N in stored NECo and Co. However, NH4-N concentrations of NECo decreased between 27% and 55% with increasing duration of storage at lower temperatures (5°C and 25°C). The significance of this study for the FDF industry is that it is safe after storage and longer storage do not necessarily influence nutrient losses in stored FDF. Future studies are recommended to investigate the effect of moisture on stored FDF.
4 Nartey, Eric Gbenatey; Sakrabani, R.; Tyrrel, S.; Cofie, Olufunke. 2023. Assessing consistency in the aerobic co-composting of faecal sludge and food waste in a municipality in Ghana. Environmental Systems Research, 12:33. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-023-00319-2]
Faecal sludge ; Composting ; Aerobic treatment ; Food waste ; Escherichia coli ; Traceability ; Consistency ; Feedstocks / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052688)
https://environmentalsystemsresearch.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40068-023-00319-2.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052688.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052688.pdf
(1.84 MB) (1.84 MB)
Background: A faecal sludge (FS) co-composting study assessed the extent of consistency in compost characteristics between and within batches. The study focused on the consistency of the co-composting process by measuring the variability of key parameters.
Method: The set up consisted of 12 FS and food waste (FW) co-composting piles in three successive batches (1, 2 and 3). Consistency was assessed in the three successive batches of co-composted FS and food waste (FW). Within batches, consistency was assessed in each of them by dividing it into four separate replicate piles. Characteristics of interest were E. coli, as well as selected physico-chemical parameters (pH, EC, Mg, Ca, N, NH4-N, NO3-N, P, avail. P, and K) and heavy metals (Se, Fe, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Cr). Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS.
Result: Results show that, E. coli levels were not consistent between the successive batches during the entire co-composting process. While variations between batches were only observed for EC and nutrient parameters, variations were evident for several measured characteristics within batches. The measured coefficient of variations (CVs) within batches ranged between 0–125% and 3–111% for heavy metals and nutrients, respectively.
Conclusion: In conclusion, there was less consistency in nutrients between successive batches and CV within batches was wide. Consistency levels for E. coli may not be an issue if pathogen inactivation is complete.
Recommendation: It is recommended that a threshold value be created for determining what is an acceptable level of variation in FS co-composting.
Method: The set up consisted of 12 FS and food waste (FW) co-composting piles in three successive batches (1, 2 and 3). Consistency was assessed in the three successive batches of co-composted FS and food waste (FW). Within batches, consistency was assessed in each of them by dividing it into four separate replicate piles. Characteristics of interest were E. coli, as well as selected physico-chemical parameters (pH, EC, Mg, Ca, N, NH4-N, NO3-N, P, avail. P, and K) and heavy metals (Se, Fe, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Cr). Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS.
Result: Results show that, E. coli levels were not consistent between the successive batches during the entire co-composting process. While variations between batches were only observed for EC and nutrient parameters, variations were evident for several measured characteristics within batches. The measured coefficient of variations (CVs) within batches ranged between 0–125% and 3–111% for heavy metals and nutrients, respectively.
Conclusion: In conclusion, there was less consistency in nutrients between successive batches and CV within batches was wide. Consistency levels for E. coli may not be an issue if pathogen inactivation is complete.
Recommendation: It is recommended that a threshold value be created for determining what is an acceptable level of variation in FS co-composting.
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