Your search found 11 records
1 Brow, J.; Weeramunda, J. (Eds.) 1992. Agrarian change in Sri Lanka. New Delhi, India: Sage Publications. 445p.
Agrarian reform ; Agricultural society ; Rural sociology ; Villages ; History ; Leadership ; Land use ; Social change ; Social systems ; Labor ; Small farms / Sri Lanka / Mahaweli Project / Wewegama / Anuradhapura / Jaffna / Nuwara Eliya / Monaragala / Kandy / Ratmale / Rangama / Devideniya / Niltanne / Sabaragamuwa
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 307.72 G744 BRO Record No: H020144)
2 Padmasiri, J. P. 2000. Low-cost water treatment technologies for the rural sector. In Samad, M.; Wijesekera, N. T. S.; Birch, A. (Eds.). Status and future direction of water research in Sri Lanka: proceedings of the National Conference held at the BMICH, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 4-6 November, 1998. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.131-142.
Water supply ; Wells ; Water quality ; Villages / Sri Lanka / Anuradhapura / Polonnaruwa / Olukaranda / Monaragala
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G744 SAM Record No: H023494)
(0.53 MB)
3 CARE International, Sri Lanka. 1997. Rapid food and livelihood security assessment for dry zone households in Sri Lanka. Report prepared by CARE International, Colombo, Sri Lanka. 53p.
Food security ; Nutrition ; Poverty ; Farmers ; Households ; Public health ; Drought ; Farming ; Education ; Constraints ; Social aspects ; Economic aspects / Sri Lanka / Anuradhapura / Monaragala / Polonnaruwa
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 6809 Record No: H034461)
4 Damayanthi, M. K. N.; Champika, P. A. J. 2014. An evaluation of Samurdhi banks in poverty alleviation. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute (HARTI). 88p. (HARTI Research Report 165)
Poverty ; Cooperative banks ; Performance evaluation ; Microfinance ; Development projects ; Households ; Income ; Bank loans ; Policy ; Socioeconomic environment ; Rural areas / Sri Lanka / Kalutara / Ratnapura / Monaragala / Anuradhapura / Kurunegala / Batticaloa / Vavuniya / Jaffna
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 334.2 G744 DAM Record No: H046642)
(0.36 MB)
5 Damayanthi, M. K. N.; Rambodagedara, R. M. M. H. K. 2013. Factors affecting less youth participation in smallholder agriculture in Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute (HARTI). 102p. (HARTI Research Report 154)
Agricultural sector ; Young workers ; Farmer participation ; Smallholders ; Gender ; Unemployment ; Socioeconomic environment ; Vocational training ; Agricultural extension ; Land use ; Farmland ; Crop insurance ; Case studies / Sri Lanka / Nuwara Eliya / Matale / Polonnaruwa / Kurunegala / Ampara / Hambantota / Monaragala / Anuradhapura / Batticaloa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 630 G744 DAM Record No: H046989)
(0.33 MB)
6 Jayatissa, R. L. N.; Wickramasinghe, W. D.; Piyasena, C. 2014. Food consumption patterns in Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute (HARTI). 97p. (HARTI Research Report 172)
Food consumption ; Feeding preferences ; Food intake ; Food supply ; Food production ; Rice ; Cereals ; Crops ; Communities ; Socioeconomic environment ; Human nutrition ; Children ; Case studies / Sri Lanka / Polonnaruwa / Anuradhapura / Kurunegala / Monaragala / Colombo / Nuwara Eliya / Kandy / Hatamuna / Manewa / Kelegama / Wattegama / Malabe / Hunupitiya / Illawathura / Ruwan Eliya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 338.19 G744 JAY Record No: H047185)
(0.46 MB)
7 Kafle, Kashi; Balasubramanya, Soumya; Horbulyk, Ted. 2019. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Sri Lanka: a profile of affected districts reliant on groundwater. Science of the Total Environment, 694:133767. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133767]
Kidney diseases ; Chronic course ; Aetiology ; Groundwater ; Water use ; Drinking water ; Cooking ; Households ; Gender ; Public health ; Diabetes ; Hypertension / Sri Lanka / Mullaitivu / Vavuniya / Trincomalee / Anuradhapura / Polonnaruwa / Kurunegala / Matale / Ampara / Badulla / Monaragala
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049322)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969719337088/pdfft?md5=b382fae99c90fac17e9317a17f42a220&pid=1-s2.0-S0048969719337088-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049322.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049322.pdf
(1.40 MB) (1.40 MB)
This analysis provides new estimates of chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence – including CKD of unknown etiology (CKDu) – across ten districts most affected by CKD in Sri Lanka, including an examination of rural households' historical reliance on groundwater consumption. A carefully designed household survey provides information on whether these households self-reported having a member in the decade prior to 2018, who had been clinically diagnosed with CKD. Households were classified according to whether or not they had used groundwater (from household wells, agro-wells or springs) as their primary source for drinking or cooking for at least five years between 1999 and 2018. More than 98% of households reported having consumed groundwater as their primary source of drinking or cooking water for at least five of those years and >15% of households reported having at least one CKD-affected member in the ten-year period up to 2018, but these numbers varied across and within districts. The reported characteristics of symptomatic individuals reveal that the incidence of CKD was significantly higher among females (62%) than males (38%). In addition to CKD, about 63% of symptomatic individuals had hypertension and about one-third of them also had diabetes. About 33% of the symptomatic individuals had neither diabetes nor hypertension, where this group most closely fits commonly used definitions of CKDu. With a survey response of over 8000 households comprising as many as 30,000 individuals, these data illustrate the scale of CKD in the most-affected districts of Sri Lanka on an aggregate basis as well as revealing differences across districts and at the sub-district level.
8 Balasubramanya, Soumya; Stifel, David; Horbulyk, Ted; Kafle, Kashi. 2020. Chronic kidney disease and household behaviors in Sri Lanka: historical choices of drinking water and agrochemical use. Economics and Human Biology, 37:100862. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100862]
Kidney diseases ; Chronic course ; Drinking water treatment ; Groundwater ; Public health ; Risk factors ; Households ; Behaviour ; Agricultural practices ; Agrochemicals ; Farmland ; Water supply ; Wells ; Water purification ; Reverse osmosis ; Socioeconomic environment ; Rural areas ; Models / Sri Lanka / Mullaitivu / Vavuniya / Trincomalee / Anuradhapura / Polonnaruwa / Kurunegala / Matale / Ampara / Badulla / Monaragala
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049541)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570677X19302576/pdfft?md5=493e1025b9a9e466cbbde1bcad6be90c&pid=1-s2.0-S1570677X19302576-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049541.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049541.pdf
(1.37 MB) (1.37 MB)
This paper examines whether there are systematic differences in the historical behaviors of households that are affected and unaffected by chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Sri Lanka pertaining to their water source choices, water treatment practices, and agrochemical use. This analysis is motivated by the Sri Lankan government’s largest policy response to this epidemic – to encourage communities to switch from untreated well water to publicly provided alternatives. We use recall methods to elicit information on the drinking water source and treatment choices of households over an 18-year period from 2000– 2017. Our analysis is based on a survey of 1497 rural ground-water dependent households in the most CKD-affected areas of the 10 districts of Sri Lanka with the highest prevalence of CKD. Our main findings are that (a) households that have ever used a pump to extract (typically deep) drinking water from a household well are more likely to be affected by CKD; (b) we fail to find a relationship between disease status and households’ use of buckets to extract (typically shallow) groundwater from their wells; and (c) those who have ever treated their shallow well water by boiling it are less likely to be affected by CKD. We also find that a greater share of CKD affected households historically used agrochemicals, used wells that were geographically removed from surface water sources, and displayed lower proxies of wealth. The implications of these findings are fourfold. First, since the systematic differences in the historical patterns of water sources and treatments used by CKD affected and non-affected households are modest, the sources of water and the treatment practices themselves may not be the sole risk factors in developing CKD. Second, although we find a negative association between boiling water and the probability of CKD, it is not obvious that a public policy campaign to promote boiling water is an appropriate response. Third, the hydrochemistry of deep and shallow well water needs to be better understood in order to shed light on the positive relationship between deep well water and disease status, and on why boiling shallow but not deep well water is associated with a lower probability of CKD. Fourth, there is a need for a deeper understanding of other risk factors and of the efficacy of preventative programs that provide alternative sources of household drinking water.
9 Horbulyk, Theodore; Kafle, Kashi; Balasubramanya, Soumya. 2021. Community response to the provision of alternative water supplies: a focus on chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) in rural Sri Lanka. Water International, 46(1):37-58. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2020.1868124]
Kidney diseases ; Chronic course ; Aetiology ; Water supply ; Drinking water ; Water use ; Reverse osmosis ; Rainwater ; Wells ; Rural communities ; Households ; Risk assessment ; Safety ; Decision making ; Villages ; Institutions ; Nongovernmental organizations / Sri Lanka / Mullaitivu / Vavuniya / Trincomalee / Anuradhapura / Polonnaruwa / Kurunegala / Matale / Ampara / Badulla / Monaragala
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050264)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02508060.2020.1868124?needAccess=true
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050264.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050264.pdf
(1.35 MB) (1.35 MB)
Until recently, households in the most chronic kidney disease-affected rural areas of Sri Lanka used untreated groundwater for drinking and cooking, but, by 2018, that share was only 35%. About 50% of households consume water treated by reverse osmosis; others rely on piped water, water delivery by tanker and rainwater harvesting. Based on a new and representative survey of 1500 households, households’ propensities to treat drinking water and adopt improved water sources are shown to be associated with their perceptions of water safety and trust in the institutions that provide alternatives to untreated well water.
10 Aheeyar, Mohamed; Amarasinghe, Upali A.; Amarnath, Giriraj; Alahacoon, Niranga; Prasad, S.; Dissanayake, A. 2023. Assessment of farmers’ willingness to pay for bundled climate insurance solutions in Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 37p. (IWMI Research Report 187) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2023.222]
Weather index insurance ; Farmers' attitudes ; Willingness to pay ; Assessment ; Climate resilience ; Crop insurance ; Risk transfer ; Climate services ; Seed systems ; Agricultural risks ; Disaster risk management ; Strategies ; Intervention ; Climate change impacts ; Drought ; Flooding ; Crop damage ; Smallholders ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Land ownership ; Household income ; Insurance premiums ; Gender equality ; Social inclusion ; Awareness-raising ; Institutions ; Surveys / Sri Lanka / Anuradhapura / Gampaha / Hambantota / Kurunegala / Monaragala
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H052415)
(1.68 MB)
With the increasing frequency and intensity of climate-related disasters, several social protection and livelihood resilience tools have been tested to reduce agricultural risks. The findings of this study are based on the initial bundled climate insurance solutions pilot conducted in five districts in Sri Lanka (Anuradhapura, Vavuniya, Monaragala, Kurunegala and Ampara) in 2021 with the support of Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ). The project intervention was designed to reduce production risks and enhance agricultural resilience through the roll-out of an index insurance product bundled with hybrid seeds and mobile-based weather and agronomic advisories. The research assessed farmers' willingness to pay (WTP) for weather index insurance (WII) solutions with bundled choices as a risk transfer tool with due consideration to the diversity and heterogeneity of the farming population. The report informs the scaling opportunities of bundled climate insurance choices, including product design and implementation among smallholder farmers and reduction of production risks in designing and implementing WII products. The study findings confirm the majority of farmers' perceptions of high climate risk, but the degree of risk is variable between areas and different segments of people. Farmers’ age, gender, farming experience, levels of education, land size operated, and household income form the major factors characterizing the diversity and risk exposures. Attention to gender and social equity issues is important in the design and delivery of insurance products so that the benefits of the interventions reach most of the farming population; this can ensure achievement of the larger development objectives of equity and fairness to disadvantaged people including women. Farmers are experiencing high or very high levels of variability in crop yield, input prices and output prices. However, the differences in willingness to experiment with innovations to minimize the risks and adopt risk-taking approaches to minimize production risks and strengthen livelihood resilience indicate the requirement for carefully designed insurance products. Awareness creation is a prerequisite for this intervention to be a sustainable one. About 80% of farmers are willing to enroll in crop insurance programs, but a major inhibiting factor is the lack of trust in insurers. The amount that farmers are willing to pay as an insurance premium is in the range of 1-2% of the sum insured for the majority of farmers. Bundling insurance with farm support services could be the primary strategy for transitioning insurance programs to be a financially viable and sustainable adaptation strategy, and for upscaling these programs.
11 Amarnath, Giriraj; Taron, Avinandan; Alahacoon, Niranga; Ghosh, Surajit. 2023. Bundled climate-smart agricultural solutions for smallholder farmers in Sri Lanka. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 7:1145147. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1145147]
Climate-smart agriculture ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Weather index insurance ; Crop insurance ; Climate change ; Drought ; Agricultural extension ; Public-private partnerships ; Earth observation satellites ; Climate services ; Seed systems ; Climate resilience ; Advisory services ; Business models / Sri Lanka / Ampara / Anuradhapura / Monaragala / Kurunegala / Vavuniya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052475)
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1145147/pdf?isPublishedV2=False
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052475.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052475.pdf
(1.34 MB) (1.34 MB)
Smallholder farmers are among the most vulnerable to climate shocks in Sri Lanka. Lack of education and technical skills, poverty, risks inherent to agricultural investments, limited assets, and financial capital are major reasons for low investments in enhancing adaptive capacity. The study explores the use of agricultural technologies in improving smallholder resilience to water-related disasters and their opportunities for recovery. We tested four bundled services to promote climate-smart agriculture practices namely weather index insurance (WII), agronomic advisories dissemination via SMS, weather services, and climate-resilient seeds of maize and rice. The integrated solutions are referred to as Bundled Solutions of Index Insurance with Climate Information and Seed Systems (BICSA) to manage agricultural risks in Sri Lanka. The study conducted the bundled solutions in three agroecological regions spread over five districts and covering more than 2,500 farmers in three cropping periods of Maha and Yala seasons. The results demonstrate that providing bundled solutions significantly protects smallholders against moderate drought events. The satellite-based weather index insurance can offset the long-term consequences of severe yield losses and mitigate the long-term drop in farm productivity. Our findings demonstrate the importance of bundled insurance to mitigate financial risks associated with extreme weather events and enhance resilience to climate change among vulnerable smallholders. It is evident from the study promoting a viable business model among seed companies, insurance companies, and technological partners, along with public institutions such as agricultural extension services can help production-level improvements and develop strategies at both the farm and policy levels that will support a transition to a more resilient farming system.
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