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1 Buriro, A.; Mohsin, W. A. 1993. Augmentation/conjunctive use of surface and groundwater through low discharge fractional wells. In Government of Pakistan-USAID Irrigation Systems Management Research Project; IIMI, Proceedings: Irrigation Systems Management Research Symposium, Lahore, 11-13 April 1993. Vol.1. - Integrated watercourse management. pp.37-48.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IIMI 631.7.8 IIMI Record No: H012882)
Irrigation water requirement is increasing proportionally with cropping intensity. Due to the large conveyance losses along main canals and misappropriation in the distribution system, tail command of distributaries/ minors and watercourses suffers from shortage of canal water. In the early sixties large number of deep tubewells were installed in Pakistan for supplemental irrigation and vertical drainage. About 80% of these have closed due to deterioration. Brakish water upconing and intrusion is a big problem for tubewells being installed in the aquifer having limited thickness of fresh water layer underlain by saline water. To overcome the problem of supplemental irrigation and vertical drainage particularly in the tail of distributaries and minors with sufficient fresh water layers, this was initiated in the lower Indus area. The technology of a low discharge fractional well in such a situation is found not only technically feasible but also financially viable on a watercourse command basis. The water quality was maintained by operating the well about 10-12 hours. The cropping intensity was increased by 4.7% in Kharif 1991 and 4.5% in Rabi 1991-92 seasons. The conjunctive use of tubewell with canal water increased the yield of cotton and wheat crops by 14.0% and 14.5%. A benefit cost ratio of 1.6 was obtained.
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