Your search found 5 records
1 Schenk-Sandbergen, L. 1991. Empowerment of women: Its scope in a bilateral development project - A small-scale irrigation project in North Bengal. Economic and Political Weekly, 26(17):WS27-35.
Women in development ; Households ; Income ; Agricultural production ; Female labor ; Manual pumps ; Nutrition ; Extension ; Water user associations / India / Bengal / Terai
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 5114 Record No: H011356)
2 Bhatta, G. D.; Aggarwal, Pramod Kumar. 2016. Coping with weather adversity and adaptation to climatic variability: a cross-country study of smallholder farmers in South Asia. Climate and Development, 8(2):145-157. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2015.1016883]
Climate change ; Adaptation ; Weather ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Rain ; Living standards ; Households ; Coastal area ; Savannas ; Food security ; Cropping patterns / South Asia / Nepal / Bangladesh / India / Terai / Bihar
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046903)
Concerns over climate change and climatic variability are growing in South Asia because of the potential detrimental impacts of these phenomena on livelihoods. Such growing concerns demonstrate a need to assess how farmers simultaneously cope with extreme events and adapt to climatic variability. Based on household surveys of 2660 farm families conducted in Nepal’s Terai, coastal Bangladesh, and the Indian state of Bihar, this paper seeks to (1) explore farmers’ coping strategies under adverse weather events; (2) identify key adaptation measures used by farmers; and (3) explore the policy interventions required to adjust agriculture to climatic variability. The study reveals that migration is the most important coping strategy of the households in Bihar and coastal Bangladesh, while reliance on credit markets is the most important in Terai. Farmers in the areas with higher rainfall variability pursue a higher number of coping strategies compared to farmers in areas with lower rainfall variability. Food available months are also higher in areas with higher rainfall variability. Across all sites, the most frequently mentioned adaptive practices are changing cropping patterns and adoption of resilient crop varieties. A large number of farmers place emphasis on breeding crop varieties that tolerate adverse weather. Governments should implement a number of planned activities to cope with adverse events, with the aim that these activities would be synergistic with adaptation to climate change.
3 Sugden, F. 2009. Neo-liberalism, markets and class structures on the Nepali lowlands: the political economy of agrarian change. Geoforum, 40:634-644. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2009.03.010]
Agricultural sector ; Agrarian structure ; Small farms ; Surpluses ; Marketing policies ; Lowland ; Political aspects ; Economic aspects / Nepal / Terai
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047884)
In recent years, neo-liberalism has manifested itself in peripheral social formations on an ideological basis through strategies of poverty alleviation. This process is epitomized by Nepal’s donor led agrarian strategy, which constructs farmers as ‘rational entrepreneurs’ responsible for their own welfare. In the processit seeks to encourage smallholders to shift from subsistence to market oriented production. However, over 10 years since the current agrarian strategy was released, there is little evidence of commercialisation and the integration of rural populations into global or domestic markets, while subsistence production remains dominant. To understand this failure, one must examine both the contradictions inherent in neo-liberal ideologies and the rural political economy of Nepal. While the emphasis on self-help through market access can be understood to be an ideological process constitutive of the overdetermined nature of capitalist expansion, contradictions are evident in such ideologies when they are mobilised in regions dominated by non-capitalist economic systems. The depoliticizing assumptions inherent in such ideologies can serve the interests of capitalist expansion through glossing over the associated forms of class exploitation. However, a case study from Nepal’s eastern lowlands demonstrates how they also divert attention from complex non-capitalist modes of surplus appropriation in both the relations of production and circulation. Such forms of exploitation have not only obstructed the process of classical agrarian transition long envisaged in Marxian theory, but have also blocked the emergence of the particular form of rural commodity production envisaged in Nepal’s neo-liberal agrarian strategy itself.
4 Upreti, G. 2023. Water, energy, food, and ecosystem (W-E-F-E) nexus river basin policy paradigm for agriculture transformation and multisector infrastructure development of Nepal. Nepal Public Policy Review, 3(1):20p. (Special Issue: Agricultural Policies and practices in Nepal : Pathways for Transformation) [doi: https://doi.org/10.59552/nppr.v3i1.56]
Water resources ; Energy generation ; Food security ; Food production ; Ecosystem approaches ; Nexus approaches ; Drinking water ; River basins ; Policies ; Transformation ; Infrastructure ; Integrated development ; Development projects ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Natural resources ; Water reservoirs ; Water power ; Dry season ; Fertilizers / Nepal / Terai
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051902)
(0.38 MB) (392 KB)
development and utilization are essential for driving the development of multisector infrastructures (agriculture, energy, industry, urban development, etc.). Nepal has hitherto adopted an isolated and sectoral silo policy approach to development planning that has remained the dominant mode of planning across many countries in the world with few exceptions until recently when inadequacies of sectoral planning became apparent. The search for alternatively more integrative approaches came into the forefront of development discourse in the backdrop of shrinking natural resources, climate change, inexorable demand of a rapidly growing urban population, and other needs and requirements at a global scale. The river basin-wide W-E-F-E nexus development policy strategy offers significant potential for optimum water resource utilization driving development of all sectors, including agriculture. The fundamental aspect of the W-E-F-E nexus policy framework entails the understanding of interdependencies and interactions amidst its components (water, energy, food, and ecosystem) and assessing their synergistic impacts on food, energy, water, and environmental securities in the basin. The W-E-F-E nexus policy framework aims to harness the synergy created from the interaction of interlinked components to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). This paper argues that Nepal government must carefully weigh the pros and cons of designing singular run-of-river mega hydro-project visa-vis multipurpose water reservoir projects with provisions of integrating irrigation, drinking water, inland waterways, and flood control infrastructures besides hydro-energy leveraging W-E-F-E nexus relationship.
5 Maskey, G.; Pandey, C. L.; Giri, M. 2023. Water scarcity and excess: water insecurity in cities of Nepal. Water Supply, 23(4):1544-1556. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.072]
Water scarcity ; Water security ; Water insecurity ; Towns ; Governance ; Institutions ; Water supply ; Landslides ; Households ; Infrastructure ; Water quality ; Water management ; Water resources ; Policies ; Sustainability ; Drinking water ; Vulnerability ; Communities ; Case studies / Nepal / Terai / Kavrepalanchok / Khairahani / Dharan / Dhulikhel
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051923)
https://iwaponline.com/ws/article-pdf/23/4/1544/1214162/ws023041544.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051923.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051923.pdf
(0.49 MB) (500 KB)
The world is facing the greatest and most complex twin challenges of water insecurity: scarcity and excess, with their adverse consequences on health, well-being, and developmental outcomes. Against this backdrop, we analyzed the challenges households face due to ‘too much and too little water’. The research employed a qualitative methodology in which data were collected through 40 key informant interviews, informal conversations, and observations during 2020–2021 including a relevant literature review. We note that both ‘too much and too little water’ pose risks to water insecurity. Also, water security cannot be ensured by only dealing with water inadequacy without building a resilient water system and robust institutions. We found that water scarcity has affected other components of water security such as equity, quality, and affordability. Excess water has impacted water infrastructures, degrading the water quality, and risking human health and well-being. The responses to the water challenges were hindered by several constraints such as the limited capacity of the water institutions, frequent leadership changes, political influence, and emerging challenges in the federal context. We suggest timely planning and adopting site-specific innovations to address water scarcity and excess challenges, which include strengthening water services, infrastructures, institutions, and governance.
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