Your search found 21 records
1 Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture. 2007. Integrating livestock and water management to maximize benefits. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 4p. (Water for Food, Water for Life Issue Brief 008)
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 636.084 G000 COM Record No: H039805)
(824.07KB)
2 Noble, Andrew; Suzuki, S.; Soda, Wannipa; Ruaysoongnern, S.; Berthelsen, S. 2008. Soil acidification and carbon storage in fertilized pastures of Northeast Thailand. Geoderma, 144: 248–255.
Soil texture ; Soil properties ; Sandy soils ; Acidification ; Nitrogen fertilizers ; Carbon ; Pastures ; Feeds ; Andropogon gayanus ; Stylosanthes guianensis / Thailand
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 631.4 G750 NOB Record No: H040921)
3 Phansalkar, Sanjiv J. 2007. Poor and their livestock: meeting the challenge of water scarcity. International Journal of Rural Management, 3(1): 95-125.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 636.084 G635 PHA Record No: H041130)
4 Haileslassie, A.; Peden, D.; Gebreselassie, S.; Amede, Tilahun; Wagnew, A.; Taddesse, G. 2009. Livestock water productivity in the Blue Nile Basin: assessment of farm scale heterogeneity. Rangeland Journal, 31(2):213-222. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1071/RJ09006]
Livestock ; Feeds ; Water productivity ; Farming systems ; Crop management ; Evapotranspiration ; River basins ; Land use ; Poverty ; Water depletion ; Households ; Surveys / Ethiopia / Egypt / Sudan / Blue Nile Basin / Gumera Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 636 100 AME Record No: H042281)
(0.37 MB)
A recent study of the livestock water productivity (LWP), at higher spatial scales in the Blue Nile Basin, indicated strong variability across regions. To get an insight into the causes of this variability, we examined the effect of farm households’ access to productive resources (e.g. land, livestock) on LWPin potato–barley, barley–wheat, teff–millet and rice farming systems of the Gumera watershed (in the Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia). We randomly selected 180 farm households. The sizes of the samples, in each system, were proportional to the respective system’s area. Then we grouped the samples, using a participatory wealth ranking method, into three wealth groups (rich, medium and poor) and used structured and pretested questionnaires to collect data on crops and livestock management and applied reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and crop coefficient (Kc) approaches to estimate depleted (evapotranspiration) water in producing animal feed and food crops. Then, we estimated LWPas a ratio of livestock’s beneficial outputs to water depleted. Our results suggest strong variability of LWP across the different systems: ranging between 0.3 and 0.6 US$ m3 year1. The tendency across different farming systems was comparable with results from previous studies at higher spatial scales. The range among different wealth groups was wider (0.1 to 0.6 US$ m3 year1) than among the farming systems. This implies that aggregating water productivity (to a system scale) masks hotspots and bright spots. Our result also revealed a positive trend between water productivity (LWPand crop water productivity, CWP) and farm households’ access to resources. Thus, we discuss our findings in relation to poverty alleviation and integrated land and water management to combat unsustainable water management practices in the Blue Nile Basin.
5 Blummel, M.; Samad, Madar; Singh, O. P.; Amede, Tilahun. 2009. Opportunities and limitations of food-feed crops for livestock feeding and implications for livestock-water productivity. Rangeland Journal, 31(2):207-212. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1071/RJ09005]
Livestock ; Productivity ; Assessment ; Crop residues ; Feeds ; Fodder ; Feed conversion efficiency ; Feed quality ; Water requirements ; Water productivity / India / Gujarat
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 636 100 AME Record No: H042322)
(2.10 MB)
The paper discusses the contribution of crop residues (CR) to feed resources in the context of the water productivity of CR in livestock feeding, using India as an example. It is argued that crop residues are already the single most important feed resource in many livestock production systems in developing countries and that increasing their contribution to livestock feeding needs to be linked to improving their fodder quality. Using examples from multi-dimensional crop improvement, it is shown that CR fodder quality of key crops such as sorghum, rice and groundnut can be improved by genetic enhancement without detriment to grain and pod yields. Improving crop residue quality through genetic enhancement, agronomic and management interventions and strategic supplementation could improve water productivity of farms and systems considerably. The draw-backs of CR based feeding regimes are also pointed out, namely that they result in only moderate levels of livestock productivity and produce higher greenhouse gas emissions than are observed under feeding regimes that are based on high quality forages and concentrates. It is argued that feed metabolisable energy (ME) content should be used as an important determinant of livestock productivity; water requirement for feed and fodder production should be related to a unit of feed ME rather than feed bulk. The paper also revisits data from the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) work on livestock–water productivity in the Indian state of Gujarat, showing that water input per unit ME can vary several-fold in the same feed depending on where the feed is produced. Thus, the production of one mega joule of ME from alfalfa required 12.9 L of irrigation-derived water in south Gujarat but 50.7 L of irrigation-derived water in north Gujarat. Wheat straw in south Gujarat required 20.9 L of irrigation-derived water for 1 MJ ME and was in this instance less water use efficient than alfalfa. We conclude that water use efficiency across feed and fodder classes (for example crop residue v. planted forages) and within a feed is highly variable. Feeding recommendations should be made according to specific water use requirement per unit ME in a defined production system.
6 Amede, Tilahun; Norton, B. E.; Bossio, Deborah. (Eds.) 2009. Livestock water productivity. Rangeland Journal, 31(2):169-265. Special issue with contributions by IWMI authors.
Livestock ; Water productivity ; Crops ; Feeds ; River basins ; Water balance ; Water harvesting ; Sloping land / Africa / Africa South of Sahara / Ethiopia / Blue Nile River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 636 100 AME Record No: H042383)
(0.05 MB)
7 Descheemaeker, Katrien; Amede, Tilahun; Haileslassie, A. 2010. Improving water productivity in mixed crop–livestock farming systems of Sub-Saharan Africa. Agricultural Water Management, 97(5):579-586. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2009.11.012]
Livestock ; Feeds ; Animal husbandry ; Water productivity ; Water management / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042572)
(0.57 MB)
In sub-Saharan Africa problems associated with water scarcity are aggravated by increasing demands for food and water, climate change and environmental degradation. Livestock keeping,an important livelihood strategy for smallholder farmers in Africa, is a major consumer of water, and its water consumption is increasing with increasing demands for livestock products. At the same time, current low returns from livestock keeping limit its contribution to livelihoods, threaten environmental health and aggravate local conflicts. The objectives of this review are to: (1) synthesize available knowledge in the various components of the livestock and water sectors in sub-Saharan Africa, (2) analyze livestock–water interactions and (3) identify promising strategies and technological interventions for improved livestock water productivity (LWP) using a framework for mixed crop–livestock systems. The interventions are grouped in three categories related to feed, water, and animal management. Feed related strategies for improving LWP include choosing feed types carefully, improving feed quality, increasing feed water productivity, and implementing grazing management practices. Water management for higher LWP comprises water conservation, watering point management, and integration of livestock production in irrigation schemes. Animal management strategies include improving animal health and careful animal husbandry. Evidence indicates that successful uptake of interventions can be achieved if institutions, policies, and gender are considered. Critical research and development gaps are identified in terms of methodologies for quantifying water productivity at different scales and improving integration between agricultural sectors.
8 Descheemaeker, Katrien; Mapedza, Everisto; Amede, Tilahun; Ayalneh, W. 2009. Effects of integrated watershed management on water productivity in crop-livestock systems in water scarce areas of Ethiopia. [Abstract only]. In 10th WaterNet/WARFSA/GWP-SA Symposium, IWRM: Environmental Sustainability, Climate Change and Livelihoods, Entebbe, Uganda, 28-30 October 2009. Volume of abstracts. Entebbe, Uganda: Waternet, GWP, WARFSA.
Watershed management ; Water productivity ; Water scarcity ; Farming systems ; Livestock ; Feeds / Africa / Africa South of Sahara / Ethiopia / Lenche Dima watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042712)
(0.35 MB)
9 Peden, D.; Taddesse, G.; Haileslassie, A. 2009. Livestock water productivity: implications for sub-Saharan Africa. Rangeland Journal, 31(2):187-193.
Livestock ; Water productivity ; Feeds ; Crop production ; Animal production ; Water conservation / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 636 100 AME Record No: H042780)
(0.79 MB)
Water is essential for agriculture including livestock. Given increasing global concern that access to agricultural water will constrain food production and that livestock production uses and degrades too much water, there is compelling need for better understanding of the nature of livestock–water interactions. Inappropriate animal management along with poor cropping practices often contributes to widespread and severe depletion, degradation and contamination of water. In developed countries, diverse environmental organisations increasingly voice concerns that animal production is a major cause of land and water degradation. Thus, they call for reduced animal production. Such views generally fail to consider their context, applicability and implications for developing countries. Two global research programs, the CGIAR ‘Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management and Agriculture’ and ‘Challenge Program on Water and Food’ have undertaken studies of the development, management and conservation of agricultural water in developing countries. Drawing on these programs, this paper describes a framework to systematically identify key livestock–water interactions and suggests strategies for improving livestock and water management especially in the mixed crop–livestock production systems of sub-Saharan Africa. In contrast to developed country experience, this research suggests that currently livestock water productivity compares favourably with crop water productivity in Africa. Yet, great opportunities remain to further reduce domestic animals’ use of water in the continent. Integrating livestock and water planning, development and management has the potential to help reduce poverty, increase food production and reduce pressure on the environment including scarce water resources. Four strategies involving technology, policy and institutional interventions can help achieve this. They are choosing feeds that require relatively little water, conserving water resources through better animal and land management, applying well known tools from the animal sciences to increase animal production, and strategic temporal and spatial provisioning of drinking water. Achieving integrated livestock- water development will require new ways of thinking about, and managing, water by water- and animal-science professionals.
10 Gebreselassie, S.; Peden, D.; Haileslassie, A.; Mpairwe, D. 2009. Factors affecting livestock water productivity: animal scale analysis using previous cattle feeding trials in Ethiopia. Rangeland Journal, 31(2):251-258.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 636 100 AME Record No: H042783)
(0.77 MB)
Availability and access to fresh water will likely constrain future food production in many countries. Thus, it is frequently suggested that the limited amount of water should be used more productively. In this study we report the results of our investigation on effects of feed, age and weight on livestock water productivity (LWP). The main objective is to identify technologies that will help enhance LWP. We combined empirical knowledge and literature values to estimate the amount of water depleted to produce beef, milk, traction power and manure. We estimated the LWP as the ratio of livestock products and services to the depleted water. In the feeding trials, various combinations of maize and oat stover, vetch, lablab and wheat bran were combined in different proportions to make 16 unique rations that were fed to the experimental animals of different age and weight groups. We observed differences of LWP across feed type, age and weight of dairy cows. The value of LWP tended to increase with increasing age and weight: the lowest LWP (0.34 US$/m3) for cows less than five years whereas the highest LWP value was 0.41 US$/m3 for those cows in the age category of 8 years and above.Similarly, there was an increase in LWP as weight of the animal increased, i.e. LWP was lowest (0.32 US$/m3) for lower weight groups (300–350 kg) and increased for larger animals. There were apparent impacts of feed composition on LWP values. For example, the highest LWP value was observed for oat, vetch and wheat bran mixes. Taking livestock services and products into account, the overall livestock water productivity ranged from 0.25 to 0.39 US$/m3 and the value obtained from a cow appeared to be higher than for an ox. In conclusion, some strategies and technological options such as improved feeds, better herd management, appropriate heard structure can be adapted to enhance LWP.
11 Derib, S. D.; Assefa, T.; Berhanu, B.; Zeleke, G. 2009. Impacts of micro-basin water harvesting structures in improving vegetative cover in degraded hillslope areas of north-east Ethiopia. Rangeland Journal, 31(2):259-265.
Water harvesting ; Drought ; Biomass ; Seedlings ; Livestock ; Feeds ; Water productivity / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 636 100 AME Record No: H042784)
(0.65 MB)
Water is one of the most important entry points to improve rural livelihoods in drought affected areas of the north-eastern Amhara region in Ethiopia. Various attempts have been made to overcome this problem by making use of different water harvesting structures. However, the choice of structures has been difficult because of a lack of empirical evidence on the relative effectiveness of the different structures. An experiment was conducted from 2002 to 2004 to compare and evaluate three different water harvesting structures (eye-brow basin, half-moon and trench) against the normal seedling plantation practice by farmers (normal pit) as a control. Data on root collar diameter (RCD), diameter at breast height (DBH), height and survival rate of Acacia saligna tree seedlings was collected at 3-month intervals after planting and annual grass biomass production was also measured. Trench and eye-brow basin structures produced 68, 95, 52 and 44% increases in RCD, DBH, height and survival rate, respectively, 15 months after planting compared with the normal pit. Trench structures increased grass biomass by 41.1% compared with normal pits. Eye-brow basins are recommended on hillsides where stone is available while trenchs could be used where stone is scarce. The results indicated that well designed water harvesting micro-basin structures can mitigate the effect of dry spell shocks on tree seedling performance and land cover rehabilitation. They were also very effective in increasing grass biomass production indicating the potential for improving livestock feed on the available barren hillsides.
12 Descheemaeker, Katrien; Amede, Tilahun; Haileslassie, A.; Bossio, Deborah. 2011. Analysis of gaps and possible interventions for improving water productivity in crop livestock systems of Ethiopia. Experimental Agriculture, 47(Supplement S1):21-38. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479710000797]
Water productivity ; Crop production ; Livestock ; Mixed farming ; Farming systems ; Water scarcity ; Water conservation ; Models ; Feeds ; Milk production / Ethiopia / Lenche Dima Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043509)
(0.35 MB)
Low crop and livestock productivities in the mixed farming systems of Ethiopia hamper efforts to meet the increasing food demands from a stressed natural resource base. Important reasons for the low agricultural productivity are water scarcity and poor spatial and temporal rainfall distribution. Although improving agricultural water productivity would safeguard people’s livelihoods and the environment, the lack of information on best bet interventions and strategies to achieve this impedes targeted decision making. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct an ex-ante evaluation of the potential effect of selected interventions on livestock water productivity (LWP) in mixed crop-livestock systems. Baseline data were collected from a water scarce area in the Ethiopian highlands. An analysis of productivity gaps and stakeholder interviews helped to identify promising interventions, which were categorized in three groups related to feed, water and animal management. A spreadsheet model was developed that was composed of the various production components of the farming system, their interactions and influencing factors. By linking water use for feed production with livestock products through the energy supplied by the feeds, the potential effect of interventions on LWP could be simulated. The evaluation showed that the various interventions targeting feed, water and animal management could result in LWP improvements ranging from 4 to 94%. Feed and energy water productivity increased particularly with interventions like fertilizer application, and the introduction of fodder trees, concentrates, improved food-feed crops, and soil and water conservation measures. Combining the different interventions led to a stronger improvement than any of the single interventions. The results of the evaluation can inform policy-makers and development actors on which best bets to promote and invest in.
13 Haileslassie, A.; Blummel, M.; Clement, Floriane; Descheemaeker, Katrien; Amede, Tilahun; Samireddypalle, A.; Acharya, N. Sreedhar; Radha, A. Venkata; Ishaq, Saba; Samad, Madar; Murty, M. V. R.; Khan, M. A. 2011. Assessment of the livestock-feed and water nexus across a mixed crop-livestock system's intensification gradient: an example from the Indo-Ganga Basin. Experimental Agriculture, 47(Supplement S1):113-132. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479710000815]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043518)
(0.35 MB)
Projections suggest that annual per capita water availability in the Indo-Ganga Basin (IGB) will reduce to a level typical for water-stressed areas. Producing more crop and livestock products, per unit of agricultural water invested, is advocated as a key strategy for future food production and environmental security in the basin. The objective of this study was to understand the spatio-temporal dynamics of water requirements for livestock feed production, attendant livestock water productivity (LWP) and implications for the future sustainable use of water resources. We focused on three districts in the IGB representing intensive (higher external inputs, e.g. fertilizer, water) and semi-intensive (limited external input) crop-livestock systems. LWP is estimated based on principles of water accounting and is defined as the ratio of livestock beneficial outputs and services to the water depleted and degraded in producing these. In calculating LWP and crop water productivity (CWP), livestock, land use, land productivity and climatic data were required. We used secondary data sources from the study districts, field observations and discussions with key informants to generate those data sets. Our result showed that the volume of water depleted for livestock feed production varied among the study systems and was highly affected by the type of feed and the attendant agronomic factors (e.g. cropping pattern, yield). LWP value was higher for intensive systems and affected by agricultural water partitioning approaches (harvest index, metaolizable energy). LWP tended to decrease between 1992 and 2003. This can be accounted for by the shift to a feeding regime that depletes more water despite its positive impacts on animal productivity. This is a challenging trend with the advent of and advocacy for producing more agricultural products using the same or lower volume of water input and evokes a need for balanced feeding, by considering the nutritive value, costs and water productivity of feed, and better livestock management to improve LWP.
14 Clement, Floriane; Haileslassie, A.; Ishaq, Saba. 2011. Intersecting water productivity and poverty: lessons from the Ganga Basin. Paper presented at the 13th IASC Biennial International Conference on Sustaining Commons: Sustaining Our Future, Hyderabad, India, 10 -14 January 2011. 25p.
Water management ; Water productivity ; Poverty ; River basins ; Water policy ; Case studies ; Livestock ; Milk production ; Farming systems ; Farmers ; Farmer participation ; Feeds ; Animals ; Equity / India / Ganga Basin / Hisar District / Etawah District / Bankura District
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044342)
http://iasc2011.fes.org.in/papers/docs/1241/submission/original/1241.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044342.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044342.pdf
(0.60 MB) (459.93KB)
Increasing water productivity appears at the top of most agricultural water policy agendas around the world. It is usually assumed that gains in water productivity will always directly or indirectly improve livelihoods and reduce poverty through increased water availability, higher food security and agricultural incomes. Whereas many economics studies have established a strong correlation between agricultural growth and poverty, numerous activists in India and elsewhere have increasingly questioned the productivity paradigm. This paper adopts a qualitative approach to investigate some of the links between productivity and poverty through an institutional analysis of livestock water productivity interventions across three districts of the Ganga Basin, North India. We do not pretend giving a comprehensive review of the water productivity / poverty nexus but rather discuss a few prominent issues: the differentiated forms of capitals required to access to water, equity and democratic decentralisation.
15 Peden D.; Amede, Tilahun; Haileslassie, A.; Faki, H.; Mpairwe, D.; van Breugel, P.; Herrero, M. 2012. Livestock and water in the Nile River Basin. In Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Molden, David; Peden D. (Eds.). The Nile River Basin: water, agriculture, governance and livelihoods. Abingdon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.154-185.
River basins ; Livestock production ; Water resources ; Water availability ; Water use ; Water productivity ; Drinking water ; Case studies ; Watersheds ; Economic aspects ; Feeds / Africa / Sudan / Ethiopia / Uganda / Nile River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H045316)
(2.28MB)
16 Mohanty, R. K.; Mishra, Atmaram; Patil, D. U. 2014. Water budgeting in black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon culture using different water and feed management systems. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 14:487-496. [doi: https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v14_2_20]
Aquaculture ; Penaeus monodon ; Shrimp culture ; Feeds ; Water budget ; Water use ; Water quality ; Water management ; Protocols ; Ponds ; Sediment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046712)
(0.42 MB)
We quantify the total water use (TWU) and consumptive water use index (CWUI) in grow-out culture of Penaeus monodon at different water and feeding management protocols using the water balance equation. Under two different water management protocols, treatment-wise TWU, was 2.09 and 2.43 ha-m 122 d-1 in T1 (no water exchange) and T2 (water exchange on ‘requirement’ basis depending on water quality), respectively. The computed CWUI (m3 kg-1 biomass), was 5.35 and 6.02 in T1 and T2, respectively. Lower rates of water exchange (T2) showed significantly improved water quality, crop performance and productivity over the zero water exchange protocol. Similarly, under three different feed management protocols, treatment-wise estimated TWU was 2.52, 2.44 and 2.41 ha-m 119d-1, while the computed CWUI was 7.28, 6.88 and 6.34 in T1 (Regular feeding, 4-times a day), T2 (2-weeks feeding followed by 1-week no feed) and T3 (4-weeks feeding followed by 1-week no feed), respectively. Higher the feed input, higher was the TWU and CWUI. It was also recorded that longer the refeeding period, higher was the growth performance and yield as in the case of T3. This feeding practice also helped in lowering the feed input (7.5% in T2 and 5.5% in T3), thus minimizes the input cost and improve production efficiency.
17 Mohanty, R. K.; Kumar, A.; Mishra, Atmaram; Panda, D. K.; Patil, D. U. 2014. Water budgeting and management: enhancing aquacultural water productivity. Orissa, India: Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Directorate of Water Management. 70p. (Research Bulletin 63)
Water budget ; Water management ; Water productivity ; Water quality ; Aquaculture ; Fish culture ; Shrimp culture ; Farming ; Sediment ; Feeds ; Protocols ; Nutrients ; Salinity ; Ponds ; Economic aspects / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046713)
(1.08 MB)
18 Senanayake, Dehaja; Reitemeier, Maren; Thiel, Felix; Drechsel, Pay. 2021. Business models for urban food waste prevention, redistribution, recovery and recycling. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 85p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 19) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.208]
Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Reuse ; Food wastes ; Business models ; Waste management ; Urban wastes ; Waste reduction ; Redistribution ; Recycling ; Food consumption ; Food losses ; Waste collection ; Food supply chains ; Stakeholders ; Entrepreneurs ; Public-private partnerships ; Markets ; Incentives ; Energy recovery ; Nutrients ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Goal 12 Responsible production and consumption ; Environmental impact ; Food preservation ; Composting ; Feeds ; Regulations ; Policies ; Awareness raising ; Consumer participation ; Costs
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H050448)
(5.48 MB)
A necessary extension of the concept of Resource Recovery and Reuse with an even higher priority is the prevention and reduction of waste. One concern, in particular, is food waste, which constitutes the largest share of human waste. Target 12.3 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to ‘halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses, by 2030’. For this report, over 400 businesses were analyzed to identify common approaches and business models to address the food waste challenge. The business models are presented under seven categories – measurement, redistribution, resell, value addition, responsible waste collection, resource recovery, and recycling – with a special focus on their application potential to the Global South.
19 Queenan, K.; Cuevas, S.; Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe; Chimonyo, M.; Shankar, B.; Slotow, R.; Hasler, B. 2022. A food systems approach and qualitative system dynamics model to reveal policy issues within the commercial broiler chicken system in South Africa. PLoS ONE, 17(6):e0270756. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270756]
Food systems ; Poultry ; Broiler chickens ; Commercial farming ; Food policies ; Models ; Human health ; Nutrition ; Environmental sustainability ; Livestock production ; Distribution systems ; Food consumption ; Markets ; Value chains ; Affordability ; Food safety ; Food-borne diseases ; Feeds ; Stakeholders ; Imports ; Food security / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051296)
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0270756&type=printable
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051296.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051296.pdf
(2.14 MB) (2.14 MB)
Global broiler production and consumption levels continue to rise. South Africa’s broiler system is dominated by commercial production and formal retail trade, with competition from cheap imports. Local broiler policies have narrow, production-driven, short-term aims for industry growth and national food security. However, these have unintended consequences that undermine the system’s future sustainability. Using a food systems approach, this study developed a qualitative system dynamics model of the South African commercial broiler system and used it to engage stakeholders in policy discussions within the boundaries of health, nutrition, and environmental sustainability. A problem statement and key system elements were drawn from a previously published qualitative study and were validated by 15 stakeholders via an online questionnaire. From this, a seed model was developed, expanded into a larger model, and shared in a modular format with stakeholders in virtual meetings, on an individual or institutional basis, for feedback and validation, and for discussion of areas for policy consideration. Refinements were incorporated into the modules, policy considerations were summarised, and crosscutting issues were identified. The model demonstrated the system’s complexity, interlinkages, feedbacks, reinforcing and balancing loops, and behaviour archetypes. The modular presentation format created a suitable platform for stakeholder engagement. Current policies focus on local commercial production, formal markets, and affordability without cognisance of the broader system represented by the model. Inequality pervades throughout the system. Commercial producers, linked to large supermarkets and fast-food chains, dominate the system, presenting barriers to entry. Affordability is unintentionally traded off against non-communicable disease risks through brining of most frozen products, and ultra-processing of fast-food items. Foodborne disease control is critical, given the proportion of vulnerable individuals, and greater coherence of food safety policy is urgently needed. The environmental footprint of broilers, whilst less than that of ruminants, deserves closer scrutiny based on its dependence on intensive cereal production for feed. This study’s food systems approach provides a system-wide perspective and a foundation for policymakers to develop more integrated and transformative policies.
20 Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Aheeyar, Mohamed; Drechsel, Pay; Bucatariu, C. 2023. Quantitative analysis of food waste from wholesale to households in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Rome, Italy: FAO; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 43p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb7810en]
Food waste ; Wholesale markets ; Households ; Quantitative analysis ; Waste management ; Food service ; Food losses ; Waste reduction ; Urban wastes ; Solid wastes ; Waste collection ; Landfills ; Recycling ; Policies ; Strategies ; Feeds ; Local authorities ; Municipal governments ; Social impact ; Environmental impact ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Case studies / Sri Lanka / Western Province / Colombo / Karadiyana / Kerawalapitiya / Kaduwela
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052087)
(2.03 MB) (2.03 MB)
Currently, in Sri Lanka, strategies to address FW prevention and reduction are being considered by different state and non-state stakeholders. However, in the current scenario, solutions for FW are mostly addressing (bio-)waste management.
Quantifying FW is of paramount importance in understanding the magnitude and socio-economic as well as environmental impacts of the problem. A good understanding of the availability and quality of FW data is a prerequisite for tracking progress on reduction targets, analyzing environmental impacts, and exploring mitigation strategies for FLW (Xue et al., 2019). FW quantification aims at creating a robust evidence base for developing strategies, action plans, and policies towards FW prevention, reduction, and management as well as guide prioritization of actions, evaluation of solutions, and monitoring progress (CEC, 2019).
Quantifying FW is of paramount importance in understanding the magnitude and socio-economic as well as environmental impacts of the problem. A good understanding of the availability and quality of FW data is a prerequisite for tracking progress on reduction targets, analyzing environmental impacts, and exploring mitigation strategies for FLW (Xue et al., 2019). FW quantification aims at creating a robust evidence base for developing strategies, action plans, and policies towards FW prevention, reduction, and management as well as guide prioritization of actions, evaluation of solutions, and monitoring progress (CEC, 2019).
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